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- <text id=89TT0873>
- <title>
- Apr. 03, 1989: The Biggest Spill In US History
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
- Apr. 03, 1989 The College Trap
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- ENVIRONMENT, Page 63
- The Biggest Spill in U.S. History
- </hdr><body>
- <p>A tanker hits an Alaskan reef, leaving an eight-mile oil slick
- </p>
- <p> It was the kind of ecological disaster that
- environmentalists had been warning about since oil first began
- flowing from Alaska's North Slope twelve years ago. And eerily,
- it struck last week, on the very day that the 3,100 residents
- of Valdez had planned to commemorate the 25th anniversary of
- another disaster: the great Alaska earthquake of 1964, which
- sent a towering tidal wave smashing into Valdez, killing 131
- people. After taking on 1.2 million bbl. of crude at the Valdez
- terminal, the southern end of the 800-mile Trans-Alaska
- Pipeline, the 987-ft. tanker Exxon Valdez headed out through
- Prince William Sound. Maneuvering to avoid icebergs, the tanker
- rammed into an underwater shoal called Bligh Reef. The vessel's
- side split open and thick North Slope crude spewed into one of
- the most pristine bodies of water in the U.S.
- </p>
- <p> The threat to local marine life quickly became apparent. As
- oil gushed out at the rate of 20,000 gal. an hour, emergency
- teams found ducks coated with crude and sea lions with flippers
- drenched in oil clinging to a buoy near the wreck. By the time
- the leak had slowed to a dribble a day later, an estimated
- 270,000 bbl. of oil had escaped, producing a slick 8 miles long
- and 4 miles wide. It appeared to be the largest spill, if not
- the worst in terms of ecological damage, in U.S. history.
- </p>
- <p> The mishap could not have happened at a worse time. Besides
- being rich in whales, otters, seals, porpoises, dolphins and
- many species of birds, the waters around Valdez also contain
- some of the best commercial fishing grounds in Alaska. The
- harvest that was to begin this week, when fish such as herring
- and pink salmon start their annual springtime runs, could be
- endangered.
- </p>
- <p> How the Exxon Valdez ran aground is a mystery. The accident
- occurred in extremely calm waters, and the captain, Joe
- Hazlewood, had been plying the area for a dozen years. Frank
- Iarossi, president of Exxon Shipping Co., said the tanker was
- a mile off course even though its navigational systems were
- working. Dan Lawn, spokesman for the Alaska department of
- environmental conservation, said the captain's effort to steer
- the Exxon Valdez back into the narrow shipping lane was like
- "trying to park a Cadillac in a Volkswagen spot."
- </p>
- <p> Emergency crews placed booms in the sound to contain the
- spill, and the Coast Guard dropped chemicals in an attempt to
- break up the slick. But local officials criticized Exxon and
- pipeline officials for responding slowly. Doug Griffin, city
- manager of Valdez, said the first teams to arrive waited for a
- leader to show up and take charge.
- </p>
- <p> Aside from the damage to marine life, the spill seemed
- certain to have an impact in another area. Environmentalists
- will use the accident as ammunition in their fight against
- further oil development in Alaska, particularly U.S. plans to
- permit drilling in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
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